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No. 482,921. Patented Sept. 20, 1892.

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PUMP. No. 482,921. Patented Sept. 20, 1892.

I 6 xx 5 GAG U UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MILAN WOODBURN HALL, OF PLAINFIELD, NEWV JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO OTISBROTHERS & COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

PUMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 482,921, datedSeptember 20, 1892.

Application filed January 7, 1892.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, MILAN WOODBURN HALL, a citizen of the United States,residing at Plainfield, in the county of Union and State of New Jersey,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pumping Apparatus,of which the following is a specification.

My invention relatesto pumping apparatus, and has forits object toprovide means wherebyacontinuous,practicallyuniform, and regular streamof water may be forcibly propelled from any suitable source of supply toits destination; and to this end I constructa pump, as fully set forthhereinafter, thereby securing an apparatus which is especiallyserviceable in use with electromotors for operating the same.

Attempts to make use of electromotors in pumping water and otherinelastic fluids have hitherto not been attended with success, exceptwith engines of very limited capacity, owing to the fact that in theattempt to connect electromotors, which of necessity run at high ratesof speed, and pumps of ordinary construction, which of necessity must beopated at comparatively slow speeds and in which the movements of theliquids are intermittent and pulsating, and in many instances arefrequently reversed,'the intermittent and irregular action of the pumpinterferes with the uniform movement of the electromotor and results invariations of the motive current, which are extremely detrimental to theefficiency of the engine and wasteful of power. Further, it is almostimpossible to start the electromotor against the full pressure of theload of water. While these difficulties would be partially overcome bythe use of intermediate gears between the high-speed motor and thelow-speed pump, this is attended with friction and loss of power, noise,and in many instances unduly increases the cost and size of theapparatus, especially objectionable in such pumping-engines as must beoperated in very contracted sources, as is frequently the case.Theoretically a rotary pump directly geared with the revolving armaturewould overcome any objections incident to electricity as a motive power;but rotary pumps as heretofore constructed and available for use in suchconnection do not attain Serial No. 417,338. (No model.)

the percentage of efficiency desirable and necessary in competition withpumps of other constructions, while it is not practicable to drive thepump-piston at the same speed as the armature of the motor. In seekingto overcome these difficulties I have endeavored to relieve the motor ofthe water-pressure in starting and to secure a uniform resistance to theaction of the motor in operation; and

to this end I have so constructed the parts of a reciprocatingpiston-pump as to preserve a continuous flow of fluid under the actionof the pistons and acomparatively uniform rate of flow of the current inone course, so as to avoid variations resulting from a change ofdirection, and have connected the revolving armature of the motordirectly with the driving-shaft of the pump by ineaus of a belt andpulleys so proportioned as to secure the desired difierences in therates of motion without noise or friction, but with the motor in closeproximity'to the pump, and I have provided a by-pass to permit the waterto circulate without pressure until the motor is nearly in fulloperation. While these results may be secured to the use of pumpingdevices of different constructions having the characteristics which Ihave named, I will refer, first, to constructions which have provedeffective and which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, inwhich- Figure l is a side elevation in part section of the preferredconstruction; Fig. 2, an end elevation of Fig. 1; Fig. 3, a sectionalplan through the cylinders. Figs. 4:, 5, and 6 are detail views; Fig. 7,a diagram. Figs. 8 and 9 are views illustrating additional featuresembodying the invention.

The base or foundation A is suitably constructed to support the otherparts, including the cylinders, crank-shaft, and an electromotor. In theconstructions, Figs. 1 to 9, there are four cylinders D D D D thepistons 1 3 of the cylinders D D being upon a common rod 4 and thepistons 2 4 of the cylinders D D being upon a common rod 5, and eachpiston has a passage 6 through it, to which is adapted a spring-seatedvalve a. A head G, common to both cylinders D D, has a channel 7communicating with the ends of both of said cylinders, and from theopposite end of the cylinder D to the cylinder D extends a pipe 8, and achannel 9 in a head G, common to both cylinders D D serves as a com-'munication between the ends of said cylinder. The inlet-pipe 10communicates with the cylinder D,and the outlet-pipe 11 extends from thecylinderDt The pistons, instead of sliding in the cylinders themselves,slidefin tubularlinings 12, each narrower than the cylinder, shorter indiameter, and with a flange that is clamped between the body of thecylinder and the head. Figs. 5 and 6 show the details of construction ofthe pistons and valves. 7

The shaft J has a fiy-wheel J at one end and two cranks at right anglesconnected each by means of a yoke 13 with a cross-head 14 of theadjacent piston, and the valves are so arranged upon the pistons that asthe rod 4 moves in the direction of the arrow, Fig.3, thevalves of thepistons 1 3 will open, and the movement of the piston-rod 5 in the samedirection will cause the valve of the piston 2 to open and the valve ofthe piston 4 toclose.

Asa result of the described arrangement of cylinders, valve-pistons, andcranks, channels, and ports, the water will flow continuously in onedirection, whatever may be the direction of the movement of the pistons,while the change of load from one piston to the other is always effectedduring one-fourth of a revolution, and begins as the loaded pistonapproaches the end of the cylinder toward the termination of its stroke,so that the transfer is effected without shocks. Thus, as

indicated in the diagram Fig. 7, when the loaded piston is travelingwith the crank moving at the maximum speed between the points 01 d,orff, or e e, or g g the unloaded piston is moving and reversing itsmovement under the travel of the crank between the points df, orf d, ore g, or g 6, so that the load is transferred to the unloaded piston asthe latter changes its direction of movement and when'it is moving atits slowest speed through one-fourth of its revolution, while thecurrent of water is always being acted upon in one of the cylinders by apiston traveling at its maximum speed, so that the said current isconstantly maintained traveling in one directionwithout change of courseand without material variation in speed, thereby avoiding shocks,pulsations, and other irregularities of motion or action. There is thussecured such a uniform resistance to the action of the motor that anelectromotor may be connected directly with the driving-shaft orintermediately throughsuitable appliances, and the pump may be drivenelectrically, so as to secure effective results, which could not be doneif the pump were constructed and operated in the ordinary manner. Oneconnection and arrangement is illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, in whichthe electromotor Q, of any suitable construction, is shown as bolted toa bridge 16, supported by the cylinders D D and upon the transversearmature-shaft 21 of the motor is a pulley R, around which a belt 17passes to the fly-wheel J, a belt-tightening pulley 18 serving to takeup slack. The pulley R is properly proportioned to the wheel J to permitthe armature to revolve at its most eflicient speed without imparting atoorapid movement to the crank-shaft ofthe pump. It will beevident,however, that fricconnected by a by-pass or any suitable channel, sothat the fluid pumped merely circulates through the cylinders andthrough said chaunel until such pump acquires a predetermined speed,when the bypass is slowly and. automatically closed and the water issent intothe discharge-pipe without returning .to the inlet. Variousdifferentautomatic appliances may be employed for eflecting this result,the preferred arrangement being that shown in Figs.

1 and 4. As shown, a pipe 22 extends from the inlet-pipe 10 to a casing23,.in which is the outlet-port 11, the said pipe 22 leading to a pointof the casing 23 below a check valve 24. At any point in the pipe 22 isa valvecasing Y, containing an automatic out-off valve Z, shown in theform of a double pistonvalve.

The position of the parts in starting is shown in Fig. 1, the weight ofthe Water in the discharge-pipe holding the valve 24 to its seat, sothat the water first discharged from the outlet-port of the piston Dpasses to the pipe 22 and through the valve-casingY backto the inlet 10.As the pressure increases, the press-' ure from the pipe 22 istransferred to the bot tom of the valve Z through the medium of thechannel 50, and the valve Z rises, compressing a spring 51 until thepressure is sufiicient to close the valve. As the passage through thepipe 22 becomes throttled, there is an ac-' cumulating pressure belowthe valve 24 until the pipe 22 is finally closed and the valve 24finally opened, so that the entire discharge is through the port 11.Nuts 54 may be adjusted to prevent the valve Z from closing entirely, sothat when the pump stops and the valve 24 closes there will be a slightback flow through the valve-casing Y, and the spring 51 will then forcethe valve Z to an open position,'a channel 56 permitting the water toflow from or to the top of the valve Z. The channels 50 56 are providedwith cocks 58 57 to regulate the How and the rapidity of movement of thevalve Z. By this automatic by-pass valve the pump is relieved ofpressure in starting, so that the electromotor may acquire its fullspeed with but little initial re sistance, and after said speed isacquired and the pressure accumulates the valve closes automatically.

It will be seen that the displacing action of any piston pushing thewater before it is equal to the superficial area of that piston, whilethe channels through which the water must pass through the other pistonsare nec-' essarily less in area than the working area of theactuating-piston. This at high rates of speed would act to throttle thethrow of the water, to remedy which I provide an auxiliary passage itbetween the ends of each cylinder; or,if desired, a number of suchpassages, as illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9, and provide such passageswith self-actuating "valves '6. As shown, the cylinders are elongated indiameter in one direction, and the flange o of the cylinder-liningcontains the passage or passages h, to which are adapted thespringseated valves 11, which yield under the movement of the watertoward the outlet and serve to permit the passage of any water in excessof that which can pass through the openings in the pistons. The fulleffective area of the working piston at any practicable speed is thussecured.

Without limiting myself to the precise construction and arrangements ofparts shown and described, I claim- 1. The combination, in a pump, offour cylinders arranged and connected for the fluid to flow through thesame successively, valved pistons and piston-rods, each connecting twopistons of adjoining cylinders, and a crankshaft having cranks at rightangles, each connected with one of the piston-rods, substantially as setforth.

2. A pump with two pairs of connected cylinders having inlet and outletports and intermediate connecting-channels, a reciprocating valvedpiston in each of said cylinders, whereby to force the water in onedirection through the same, and means, substantially as described, tomove each piston to reverse the direction of one before the movement ofthe other is completed, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination of four cylinders communicating in succession, eachhaving a piston with a port, and connections between the pistons in linewith each other, and means for driving all the pistons, the valves ofthe pistons in line with each other opening in opposite directions,substantially as described.

4. The combination,in a pump, of two pairs of cylinders arranged andconnected to permit the fluid to flow successively to the same, andvalved pistons, those in line connected together, the valves in twopistons opening in one direction and those in the others opening in theopposite direction, substantially as described.

5. The combination, with the cylinders and pistons of a duplex ormultiple pump and with the openings and valves with the pistons thereof,of auxiliary openings or passages between the ends of the cylinders andselfacting valves adapted to said openings, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

MILAN WOODBURN HALL.

Witnesses:

E. M. TAYLOR, H. L. HART.

